Your study note: Friday is Erev Shabbat, from alot hashachar (halachic dawn) until shkiah (sunset). Light Shabbat candles up to 18 minutes before sundown.

Your study note: Cook soup/cholent, clean the house, haircut, bath, special tablecloth, shave, bathe, mikvah, polish shoes, and prepare the suit/clothes.

Your study note: “…lehadlik ner shel Shabbat.”

Your study note: Minimum 2, plus one for each child in the family custom. The 2 correspond to “guard/observe” and “remember” Shabbat.

Your study note: “To stop.”

Your study note: For a woman: light, cover the eyes and make the blessing; she accepts Shabbat with the candle lighting. See the lights after the prayer. The note distinguishes a man’s procedure because he normally accepts Shabbat in shul.

Your study note: Calendar, shul bulletins, apps.

Your study note: The note connects the mitzvah with women bringing light and peace into the home. Place the candles where you eat so the light is enjoyed with the meal and Kiddush; look at the light when saying the prayers.

Your study note: The note says no toothpaste or water and discusses concerns of squeezing liquid from toothbrush hairs, smoothing, bleeding, and turning paste into liquid.

Your study note: Same general procedure with the combined Shabbat/Yom Tov wording: “lehadlik ner shel Shabbat v’shel Yom Tov,” plus Shehecheyanu. The note says women say Shehecheyanu after lighting and men usually after Kiddush.

Your study note: Add one extra candle permanently starting the next Shabbat.

Your study note: The man of the house (father or husband) should light the candles.

Your study note: They are muktzeh. The note also discusses the burning flame and the base/candlesticks.

Your study note: Kiddush proclaims the holiness of Shabbat. Have wine in the cup, bread and salt on the table; lift the cup in the right hand, say the Kiddush and wine blessing, answer Amen, drink at least a cheekful and distribute wine. No eating or drinking water before Kiddush. The note says water may be drunk before Havdalah.

Your study note: Twice: evening and daytime/lunch. Drink a cheekful of wine/juice and eat bread/challah.

Your study note: Three: night, day, and Seudah Shlishit after Mincha and before Maariv.

Your study note: Two loaves held for the blessing. They remind us of the double portion of manna on Erev Shabbat.

Your study note: The note says to make Kiddush on bread: wash first, hold the bread instead of wine, and use Hamotzi.

Your study note: The third meal, after Mincha and before Maariv. At least bread.

Your study note: It is a commandment and reminds us that Hashem created the world in six days and rested on the seventh.

Your study note: Special meal, special clothes, clean the house, special table setting.

Your study note: Someone who keeps Shabbat and does not do the 39 melachot.

Your study note: Four groups. Making bread — 11: sow, plow, reap, gather, thresh, winnow, sort/select, grind, sift, knead, bake. Making clothes — 13: shear, whiten/bleach, comb, dye, spin, warp/mount loom, thread, weave, separate threads, tie permanent knot, untie permanent knot, sew, tear in order to sew. Making parchment — 7: trap, slaughter, flay, tan, smooth, rule/score, cut. Building/miscellaneous — 8: write, erase, build, demolish, extinguish fire, kindle fire, final hammer blow/completion, carry between public and private domains. Main categories = melachot; subcategories = toldot.

Your study note: Friday sunset, with candle lighting 18 minutes before sundown. End: three medium stars or the local waiting time noted in your course.

Your study note: Enjoying Shabbat: three meals with bread, hot and special food, sleep and family relationships; enjoyment shows honour to Shabbat.

Your study note: The note connects driving with making/extinguishing fire through fuel combustion, carrying between domains, and marit ayin.

Your study note: Switching lights: making fire/completing a circuit and creating a new light. Motion sensors: avoid them if possible; if unavoidable, the note discusses pesik reisha and avoiding benefit.

Your study note: It stops automatically at every floor. Do not press a button or ask someone to press your floor; avoid touching doors or triggering sensors. The note says stairs are best when practical.

Your study note: The note says it is not in the spirit/honour of Shabbat and discusses benefit from pre-programmed broadcasts and marit ayin.

Your study note: Program the timer before Shabbat, for example lights or appliances. The note distinguishes stopping something scheduled from starting something earlier.

Your study note: The note connects it to completing an electrical circuit/building and to weekday activity.

Your study note: Crockpot or blech; do not adjust the heat. A blech is a metal cover over burners. The note connects hot Shabbat food with the accepted interpretation that an existing fire may remain, though it may not be initiated on Shabbat.

Your study note: 1) Good from bad, 2) for immediate use, 3) by hand rather than a utensil designed for separation.

Your study note: 1) Fully cooked, 2) still hot, 3) heat source covered, 4) intention to return it, 5) keep holding it rather than setting it down normally.

Your study note: Do not pick/prune; do not water/fertilize; do not climb, hang from or lean on a tree; do not tie/use the tree for an animal; do not promote growth or provide extra benefit such as light. The note connects this with sowing/reaping.

Your study note: Prepare tea essence before Shabbat, or use transferred hot water/kli sheini as described in the note. Do not squeeze lemon directly into the tea; the note describes adding prepared lemon juice/water in an intermediate cup.

Your study note: Cleaning: avoid squeezing/laundering; pat with wipes. Ointment: avoid creams/pastes and smoothing; liquid lotion/powder is treated differently. Fastening: use Velcro rather than permanent fastening; dispose without a permanent knot.

Your study note: The note permits mashing the potatoes themselves without adding liquid, and recommends a shinui (different method), such as using a knife rather than the normal tool.

Your study note: Depends on danger. Try to shoo it away, open a window, or trap/release without benefit. If there is real allergy/life danger, the note allows dealing with the danger. Practical emergency details require rabbinic/medical guidance.

Your study note: Without an eruv, the note says not to carry or wheel normally and discusses limited emergency methods. It also notes not to assemble/disassemble the carriage roof.

Your study note: The note says through the material once is okay; repeated passes can resemble sewing.

Your study note: Something not allowed to be moved on Shabbat. Examples: branch, pen, lighter, phone.

Your study note: Muktzeh machmat melachto — a utensil used for prohibited work. Examples: hammer, pen, fan. The note allows moving it when its place is needed or for a permitted use, such as using a hammer to crack nuts.

Your study note: When the dishes will be needed later on Shabbat. The note says cold water, no normal soap except diluted solution prepared before Shabbat, and no normal sponge.

Your study note: Use a shinui: milk first, then cereal; stir in a criss-cross motion rather than normally.

Your study note: Because one might come to use it to buy something; money is muktzeh. The note also compares other non-utensil/muktzeh items.

Your study note: The note allows topical cleaning but not a hot bath/shower, and raises squeezing/drying concerns with hair and towels.

Your study note: The weekly Torah portion; found in the Chumash.

Your study note: A reading from the Prophets, printed after the Parsha in the Chumash. The note says it developed when Torah reading was banned, so a related Prophets passage was read.

Your study note: Ceremony marking the change from Shabbat to weekday. Wine, spices, multi-wick candle/light reflected on the fingers, and the blessing distinguishing holy from ordinary.

Your study note: Saturday night — “going out of Shabbat.”

Your study note: The fourth meal after Shabbat/Havdalah, “escorting the Queen.”

Your study note: Shabbat songs, found in a special book/benching-singing booklet.

Your study note: When life is in danger, for example serious illness or war.

Your study note: Tea bag in hot water; stirring a pot where something may still cook; reheating liquid.

Your study note: It must be fully cooked before Shabbat; the note says it can remain heated on a blech/covered heat source without adjusting the flame.

Your study note: Gut Shabbos / Shabbat Shalom.

Your study note: Shavua Tov (“good week”) or Gute Voch.

Your study note: Kabbalat Shabbat; the note describes it as extra service after Mincha.

Your study note: Retzei.

Your study note: Mussaf, after Shacharit.

Your study note: The Shabbat before Rosh Chodesh.

Your study note: A halachic partition/boundary allowing carrying on Shabbat. Check the community eruv hotline or shul notices. The note includes Toronto boundary examples.

Your study note: Do not carry.

Your study note: The note discusses putting/dropping the item down without completing a normal carrying action, using unusual methods, and not stopping until reaching an appropriate place.

Your study note: In immediate life danger. The note also discusses indirect methods for a small fire. Emergency safety takes priority.

Your study note: Vitamins for maintenance are noted as okay; medicine is generally restricted in the note unless serious. Painkillers are noted as allowed when pain is severe enough to require bed. Confirm practical medical cases with your rabbi/doctor.

Your study note: Light exercise without sweating is noted as allowed; jogging is better avoided because it can produce sweat.

Your study note: Make-up applied before Shabbat may be worn. The source connects applying colour on Shabbat with dyeing. SOURCE GAP/CHECK: the supplied written note did not provide a separate full answer to part (b).

Your study note: Not allowed; the note connects it to separating.

Your study note: Temporary and not professional.

Your study note: Wet mud may be removed; dry mud is not, because the note connects that with grinding.

Your study note: The note lists: no cutting/shearing, no combing, no dyeing, no braiding/construction, no washing/squeezing.

Your study note: Carpet broom with roller — no, connected in the note to selecting/removing bad from good. A regular broom — yes.

Your study note: The note says bring the cholent to the boiling water, keep the pot in hand, and have another person add the boiling water.

Your study note: Completing/finalizing a repair. Examples: finishing a chair repair, putting lenses back into glasses, putting a window back into its frame.

Your study note: Do not squeeze. Do not normally select/remove seeds; eat or spit out the seed rather than separating it first.

Your study note: Slice into the middle and take good from bad, or remove some good/meat together with the unwanted fat; the note compares taking a fly with some soup.

Your study note: The note says the non-Jew should also benefit; it discusses rabbinic prohibitions needed for a mitzvah, for example carrying a child for a bris.

Your study note: Prepare taxi money beforehand when possible, take only what is necessary, and use a non-Jewish driver for doors/parking when practical. In an actual emergency, call/drive as necessary for life and safety.

Your study note: Example: child’s shoes when the child is in pain; the double knot was temporary and intended to be undone.

Your study note: For melon/cantaloupe, remove seeds together with some of the good fruit. The note says with watermelon to leave the seeds rather than remove them first.

Your study note: Do not remove a stain with water/rubbing, do not brush dust off clothes, and do not squeeze water from clothes.

Your study note: The note says detached tissues may be used/opened.

Your study note: The note permits plunging/removing a blockage because it treats that as clearing a blockage rather than making a repair.

Your study note: Steel wool — Yes. Vaseline — No. Deodorant — aerosol Yes; stick No because of smoothing. Comb — No. Hairbrush — No; a soft brush that does not tear hair is noted as Yes. Twist ties — Yes, such as closing a bag.

Your study note: Because one might squeeze them. The note says clothes that were wet at the start of Shabbat remain muktzeh for Shabbat.

Your study note: The note says no when they were wet at the beginning of Shabbat / the dryer action would activate electricity or noise; if already dry before Shabbat the note distinguishes the case.